Elements

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The periodic table, read by a business desk.

The gist

Elements treats the periodic table as a business story: gold is argued over as an asset, thorium is weighed as a nuclear fuel, and arsenic is traced through a wood preservative and contaminated wells. Justin Rowlatt reports from the field, and lab demonstrations show what the elements actually do.

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About Elements

Elements is a BBC series made by the Business Daily team, and Justin Rowlatt calls the approach 'elemental economics'. Each programme studies a single element, or sometimes a whole family. Titles such as 'Gold (Au)', 'Thorium (Th)', 'Arsenic (As)' and 'Uranium (U)' carry the chemical symbol like a label on a sample jar, and 'Platinum group (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir)' covers six rare metals at once. What ties them together is value: who wants the substance, what it does for them, and what it costs. Gold is the clearest case. That programme sets the view that gold is a decorative metal with little industrial use against a defence of it as a stable asset class. The defence points to companies that went bankrupt after 1929 and to property made worthless by revolution. A guest living in Chiang Mai explains why it makes sense to keep some gold at home instead of somewhere like Switzerland. Thorium brings in the energy economy. It is presented as nuclear power without the nuclear waste, then tested against a critic who calls the liquid fuel thorium reactor the most proliferation-prone design for countries without bomb-usable material. India, which has perhaps a third of the world's thorium but little uranium, is the case study, and the Indian nuclear physicist Anil Kakodkar is heard on it. Arsenic moves from the poisoners of history books and detective novels to a wood preservative, with a visit to a Forest Research Institute test yard full of wooden poles dating from 1944. It then turns to contaminated wells and what has been called the largest mass poisoning in history. The chemistry doesn't depend on reporting alone. In the platinum group programme, Professor Andrea Seller of University College London shows platinum making ethanol burn faster and faster, a loop compared to what happens inside a car exhaust catalyst. Liz Rowsell, head of research and development at Johnson Matthey, is also heard there. Elsewhere, selenium pellets that look almost like air gun pellets lead to an account of photocopier drums and of quantum dots whose colour depends on particle size. The history of names gets room too: thorium goes back to the Norse god Thor by way of Jöns Jakob Berzelius. The tone is curious and lightly playful, including a quiz challenge to spot songs with gold in the title. One programme, 'Obscure Elements', introduces itself as the last ever Elements programme, so this is a finished run. For a first listen, the gold debate shows the economic angle at its sharpest, and the platinum group programme shows the lab work at its best.

Made for: Suits a listener who likes science tied to money and real-world consequences, and who wants to hear why gold, thorium or arsenic matter outside the classroom. Also a good fit for anyone who enjoys a lab demonstration described clearly enough to picture.

What sets it apart: It treats each element as an economic and human story as well as a chemical one. Field reporting and arguments over investment sit beside bench demonstrations described as they happen.

In their own words

A close look at chemical elements, the basic building blocks of the universe. Where do we get them, what do we use them for and how do they fit into our economy?

Why you'd press play

One arsenic-treated hut, still standing after 80 years, can change how you look at the periodic table.

Press play if you want

  • a platinum catalyst demo that connects burning ethanol to a car exhaust
  • the uneasy link between arsenic-preserved wood and contaminated wells
Read the full recommendation in PlayNext →
precious metals and their valuenuclear fuels and energy policytoxic elements and public healthindustrial uses such as catalysts and photocopierslab demonstrations of chemical propertieson-location reporting

Talks about

Best episodes of Elements

Short reviews from the PlayNext desk, based on the episodes we processed.

Obscure ElementsSep 28, 2016

A vivid farewell tour through the periodic table's stranger corners, from star-marked antimony to glowing selenium quantum dots.

Business Daily's final Elements programme treats the periodic table as a cabinet of curiosities, with the obscure materials given the attention usually reserved for bigger scientific stories.

Gold (Au)Sep 21, 2016

A lively gold episode that moves from inert chemistry and locust jewellery to financial dread and a playlist challenge.

Gold enters as a strange elemental contradiction: chemically aloof, limited in practical use, and still able to command deep cultural and financial attention.

Thorium (Th)Sep 16, 2016

Thorium's promise is weighed against the engineering, proliferation, and infrastructure needed to make it useful.

Thorium lands here as both a tantalizing scientific possibility and an industrial inheritance. Andrea Saila follows the element from its name, drawn from the Norse god Thor, into the harder world of energy systems and national planning.

Platinum group (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir)Sep 7, 2016

A Royston lab visit makes platinum group chemistry tangible, from ethanol combustion to car exhaust catalysts.

Platinum group metals are treated as working chemistry, not showroom luxuries, as a visit to Johnson Matthey's autocatalyst technology centre in Royston turns six rare metals into practical reactions.

Arsenic (As)Aug 31, 2016

A clear field report on arsenic's double life as durable preservative and devastating contaminant.

Arsenic is treated here as a material with two lives: the notorious white powder of murder stories, and the practical preservative used to protect timber.

Podcasts like Elements

Episodes

  1. 1

    Obscure Elements

    Hidden gem

    Hafnium shortages after Fukushima left a 50-ton world supply and a few-hundred-dollar rod in a cupboard.

    Sep 28, 2016·30m·2 clips
  2. 2

    Gold (Au)

    Hidden gem

    Bandana Tiwari says gold is "the biggest transaction" in rural India and that people are "literally weighed in gold."

    Sep 21, 2016·30m·1 clip
  3. 3

    Thorium (Th)

    Hidden gem

    Elements' thorium episode on Business Daily opens at King's Cross, where Andrea Saila links the element to 19th-century industrial lighting and to claims about 21st-century nuclear power.

    Sep 16, 2016·30m·2 clips
  4. 4

    Platinum group (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir)

    Hidden gem

    Andrea Seller shows platinum gauze that makes ethanol burn on the metal surface, then “pops” and glows again.

    Sep 7, 2016·30m·2 clips
  5. 5

    Arsenic (As)

    Hidden gem

    Bangladesh's tube wells were meant to stop diarrhea, but arsenic exposure still affects about 20 million people.

    Aug 31, 2016·30m·2 clips
  6. 6

    Silver (Ag)

    Aug 24, 2016·30m
  7. 7

    Iodine (I)

    Aug 17, 2016·30m
  8. 8

    Hydrogen (H) - fusion

    May 31, 2016·30m
  9. 9

    Cadmium (Cd)

    May 25, 2016·30m
  10. 10

    Potassium (K)

    May 18, 2016·30m
  11. 11

    Hydrogen (H) - energy

    May 10, 2016·30m
  12. 12

    Zinc (Zn)

    May 4, 2016·30m
  13. 13

    Hydrogen (H) - water (part 2)

    Apr 27, 2016·30m
  14. 14

    Hydrogen (H) - water (part 1)

    Apr 20, 2016·30m
  15. 15

    Noble Gases (Ar, Ne, Kr, Xe)

    Mar 23, 2016·30m
  16. 16

    Germanium (Ge)

    Mar 16, 2016·30m
  17. 17

    Radioactives (Po, Ra, Rn)

    Mar 9, 2016·30m
  18. 18

    Tantalum & Niobium (Ta, Nb)

    Mar 2, 2016·30m
  19. 19

    Beryllium (Be)

    Oct 22, 2015·21m
  20. 20

    Magnesium (Mg)

    Sep 30, 2015·35m
  21. 21

    Titanium (Ti) - catalysts

    Sep 16, 2015·29m
  22. 22

    Hydrogen (H) - acids

    Aug 19, 2015·40m
  23. 23

    Oxygen (O) - industrial uses

    Aug 12, 2015·33m
  24. 24

    Titanium (Ti) - materials

    Aug 5, 2015·32m
  25. 25

    Oxygen (O) - oxidation

    Jul 29, 2015·38m
  26. 26

    Cobalt (Co)

    Jul 22, 2015·46m
  27. 27

    Copper (Cu) - electricity

    Jun 25, 2015·38m
  28. 28

    Copper (Cu) - materials

    Jun 17, 2015·46m
  29. 29

    Boron (B)

    Jun 11, 2015·42m
  30. 30

    Gallium & Indium (Ga, In)

    Jun 3, 2015·49m
  31. 31

    Iron (Fe) - industrialisation

    Apr 1, 2015·31m
  32. 32

    Iron & Manganese (Fe, Mn) - steel-making

    Mar 25, 2015·31m
  33. 33

    Iron (Fe) - the Industrial Revolution

    Mar 18, 2015·32m
  34. 34

    Technetium (Tc)

    Mar 11, 2015·32m
  35. 35

    Fluorine (F)

    Mar 4, 2015·43m
  36. 36

    Chromium (Cr)

    Feb 26, 2015·33m
  37. 37

    Nickel & Rhenium (Ni, Re)

    Feb 18, 2015·34m
  38. 38

    Uranium (U)

    This episode explores the most dangerous element in the periodic table, discussing its properties and economic impact.

    Oct 8, 2014·41m
  39. 39

    Lead (Pb)

    Oct 1, 2014·38m
  40. 40

    Caesium (Cs)

    Sep 24, 2014·38m
  41. 41

    Bromine (Br)

    Sep 17, 2014·29m
  42. 42

    Plutonium (Pu)

    This episode explores the deadly history and surprising economic uses of plutonium and other radioactive elements.

    Sep 11, 2014·38m
  43. 43

    Silicon (Si) - solar

    Aug 18, 2014·38m
  44. 44

    Silicon (Si) - chips

    This episode explores the role of silicon, the main ingredient of sand, in the high-tech revolution and questions whether that revolution is over.

    Jul 31, 2014·40m
  45. 45

    Sulphur (S)

    Jul 30, 2014·34m
  46. 46

    Tungsten (W)

    Jul 29, 2014·35m
  47. 47

    Vanadium (V)

    Jul 28, 2014·28m
  48. 48

    Nitrogen (N) - fertilisers

    Jul 27, 2014·33m
  49. 49

    Nitrogen (N) - explosives

    This episode explores the economic significance of chemical elements, their sources, uses, and role in the global economy.

    Jul 26, 2014·36m
  50. 50

    Carbon (C) - plastics

    Jul 25, 2014·35m