Golpes militares na América Latina

·35 min·3 clips

President Chávez hid in a military school during Paraguay's 1954 coup, only to be arrested by the principal—a friend of the coup leader.

The episode begins by delimiting its focus to military coups in Latin America from the 1960s, noting earlier dictatorships like Porfirio Díaz in Mexico (1876-1901) and Getúlio Vargas in Brazil (1937-1945) as context. It then sets the Cold War backdrop, explaining the Truman Doctrine (1947), Marshall Plan, and Berlin Blockade (1948) as events that intensified US-Soviet ideological rivalry. The host describes how McCarthyism in the 1950s exported anti-communist paranoia to Latin America, leading to military surveillance. The first detailed case is Paraguay's 1954 coup, where General Alfredo Stroessner overthrew President Federico Chávez with betrayal from a military school principal, leading to Stroessner's 35-year rule. Next, the episode covers Brazil's 1964 coup against President João Goulart, triggered by a newspaper article and military march from Minas Gerais, supported by US President Lyndon Johnson, resulting in the AI-1 institutional act. It then shifts to Argentina, starting with the 1966 coup led by General Juan Carlos Ongania and culminating in the 1976 coup that installed Jorge Rafael Videla, known for state terrorism and disappearances. Uruguay's 1973 coup under President Juan María Bordaberry is discussed, featuring a general strike repression and anti-Marxist policies. Finally, Chile's 1973 coup is detailed, where General Augusto Pinochet betrayed President Salvador Allende, leading to Allende's suicide and Pinochet's violent dictatorship with 3,000 deaths and 200,000 exiles. The episode notes how these dictatorships learned from each other, especially Brazil's institutional acts, and ends with a summary emphasizing Cold War influence and regional similarities.

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